In terms of correlation with NAO values, geomagnetic activity and GCR have higher correlations than the sunspot curve itself (although the latter is important as well).
When comparing the solar sunspot cycles to geomagnetic activity, notice there is a pretty significant lag between the maxima/minima of each. There is likely a connection between increases/decreases in cloud cover over the Atlantic (via variations in GCR) and the NAO.īelow is the comparison of NAO and GCR values since 1950. Thus, surface cloudiness increases and global temperatures generally cool when GCR are high.
Since GCR are an ionizing radiation, they act as a sort of nuclei for cloud formation, particularly low level clouds. When geomagnetic activity is lower in conjunction with a weaker solar wind, more GCR can penetrate through the atmosphere. The concept in a nutshell is as follows: in times of high geomagnetic activity, the solar wind is stronger, which prevents a significant amount of galactic cosmic rays from reaching the Earth’s surface. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) have been shown to have a strong inverse correlation to geomagnetic activity and thus the NAO. For the period 1970-2000, the correlation coefficient for the geomagnetic aa and the NAO was 0.93, an outstanding correlation. Studies have speculated that as the Sun has become more active, with increasing irradiance/output by the mid 1900s, its impact on the troposphere strengthened. However, since then, its impact extended down into the troposphere. Early in the period, particularly prior to 1955, geomagnetic activity had a significant impact on the stratosphere but not the troposphere. Note the figure below a strong correlation was found between the geomagnetic aa index and the NAO index over the past half century. Geomagnetic activity indices measure the affect of solar eruptions on Earth. Dr Theodor Landscheidt, a successful solar forecaster, showed how variations in solar output, solar wind, geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic rays, among other periodicities, impact the modality of the NAO. Solar eruptions are linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation.
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What has been causing this plummet in NAO values over the past few years? There are multiple mechanisms at work, and I believe that the Sun is/has ultimately been a major driver of the NAO. The NAO has been consistently negative since the spring of 2008, with only a handful of interruptions on the positive side. Currently: Mostly Sunny: 77F August 27, 2022.
No! Turn around - New Jersey is a total tundra in the winter, and it’s not pretty at all. Is New Jersey a nice place to visit in the winter?
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Once you’ve tired of the slopes, go full après ski at one of the many delicious dining options on site. Not into skiing? Mountain Creek has killer snow tubing, too. Where are some fun places to visit during the winter in New Jersey?īundle up - New Jersey offers lots of great places to enjoy during the winter! Mountain Creek is one of our favorite spots New Jersey’s premiere ski and snowboard destination is perfect for a winter day trip or weekend getaway. Of course, the Blizzard of 1996 is a winter storm that longtime New Jersey residents still talk about - it pummeled the state with 32+ inches of snow in just two days. New Jersey has had many major blizzards in the past few years in addition to the Blizzard of 2016, The Garden State saw significant winter storms in 2003, 2006, 2010, and 2011. Typically, New Jersey sees moderate snowfall in the winter, but that has actually ramped up in recent years. Does New Jersey get a lot of winter storms?
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